Text case styles cheat sheet
September 2026
People argue about casing more than they admit. This page is the short version: what each style looks like, where it belongs, and which tool converts it.
Need a full write-up? See the complete guide to text case conventions. Need to convert text now? Use the caps to lowercase converter.
Quick comparison
| Style | Example | Use for | Tool |
|---|---|---|---|
| lowercase | hello world | Normalization, emails, CSS when forced lowercase | Open |
| UPPERCASE | HELLO WORLD | Acronyms, shouting (usually avoid), some constants | Open |
| Title Case | Hello World | Headlines, book titles, UI labels | Open |
| Sentence case | Hello world | Body copy after caps-lock mistakes | Open |
| camelCase | helloWorld | JavaScript variables and functions | Open |
| PascalCase | HelloWorld | Classes, React components, types | Open |
| kebab-case | hello-world | URL slugs, CSS classes, file names | Open |
| snake_case | hello_world | Python, Ruby, many database columns | Open |
Rules of thumb
- Human-readable prose → sentence case or Title Case.
- URLs and CSS → kebab-case (and lowercase).
- JS variables → camelCase. Components → PascalCase.
- Python / SQL-ish → snake_case.
- ALL CAPS pasted from email → lowercase or sentence case, then edit proper nouns.